The eNotes Blog How to UseSemicolons

The most effective method to UseSemicolons This is part threeâ in our unique punctuation arrangement. Semicolons, or, in the expressions of Kurt Vonnegut, â€Å"transvestite bisexuals speaking to totally nothing,† have been given an awful name. You and Kurt may stay away from them in the event that you pick. Assuming, nonetheless, you’ll hold nothing back from the minuscule freaks, I think you’ll find they’re actually rather â€Å"useful little chaps†-in the expressions of Abraham Lincoln. Think you realize how to utilize a semicolon? Step through this exam and discover. Pick the effectively punctuated sentence. 1. A. On the off chance that this fragment on semicolons is about porcupines; I’m not understanding it. B. The writer wouldn’t expound on porcupines once more, individuals would get exhausted. C. She forgot to make reference to the cute word for a child porcupine, however; porcupette. D. In any case, that’s the keep going thing she’ll state regarding the matter; she is proceeding onward. 2. A. Composing these tests looks fun; simple; and basic. B. Writing these tests is very, distressingly troublesome; channels you of your will to live, ruins your morning; early afternoon, evening, and night; and leaves you pondering when supper is. C. Journalists battle against the accompanying: exaggeration; metaphor; absence of bites. D. Journalists proceed with gratitude to their amazing capacity to continue on even with hunger, bright lights, and uncertainty; the support of their associates, who are unfailingly kind; the feathery pooch, whose name is Ellie, at their feet; and the pretzels they overlooked were in their pocket. 3. A. The publication group believes that Ellie’s fleecy mane ought to be colored pink, notwithstanding, they don't know her proprietor might want that. B. The article group concluded that circumspection was the better piece of valor, in like manner, they chose to simply envision Ellie with a pink mohawk. C. The fanciful Ellie looked extremely charming with a pink mohawk, consequently, there was recharged banter. D. It is once in a while preferable to ask absolution over authorization; in any case, once in a while it is smarter to ask consent. Answers: 1.d 2.d 3.d After a few (unmistakably master) Photoshopping, its a consistent whoopee for Ellieâ getting a pink mohawk. 1. Semicolons are still not commas The comma at the base of a semicolon isn't an all-get to go to the comma party; it is an occasionally perhaps pass. Consider it like the Avengers. Despite the fact that Bruce Banner can once in a while do Iron Man’s work, there are cases where the two extremely aren’t tradable and shouldn’t be confounded. The essential spot a semicolon ought to go is between two free conditions that don’t have a combination (for example what's more, be that as it may, and so on.), however once in a while it’s alright to leave in the combination. For instance, you could compose I was confounded about which of the attractive researchers transformed into a wild green beast; I chose to discover by methods for experimentation. You would be completely advocated in supplanting the semicolon with a period or an em run however you can’t supplant it with a comma. Fortunately the semicolon is a valuable apparatus to fix your comma grafts. A comma join happens when you interface two autonomous provisions without a combination, similar to this: My logical trial demonstrated fruitful, it additionally decimated New York City. Pop a semicolon in and poof! No more comma join. Additionally no greater city. 2. Semicolons are not colons Similarly as with commas and researcher Avengers, semicolons and colons are sometimes compatible. The colon, nonetheless, is extremely progressively like Hawkeye: a one-stunt horse whose handiness is constrained to just a bunch of events. In contrast to a semicolon, which doesn’t determine the idea of the relationship of the two autonomous provisos you are associating, a colon shows that the subsequent condition is a case of, legitimately clarifies, or underscores the purpose of the main statement. For instance, you could utilize either a semicolon or a colon in the sentence Hawkeye’s consideration among the Avengers is confounding: he appears to be a human among divine beings. One ought not, anyway enticed, compose Hawkeye’s incorporation among the Avengers is confusing: he does, be that as it may, have decent arms. If all else fails, take a stab at supplanting a colon with the words â€Å"that is,† â€Å"specifically,† or â€Å"namely.† If your new development bodes well, there’s a decent possibility you can go with a colon. If not, consider choosing an increasingly multipurpose warrior: the semicolon. 3. Semicolons and records One spot a semicolon can’t go is before a rundown. Just a colon will do in I think my odds are acceptable with the accompanying Avengers: Thor, Captain America, and Iron Man. There is, notwithstanding, an utilization for a semicolon when the interior accentuation of an arrangement gets horrendously confused, maybe as in I can’t trust you don’t figure I could date the accompanying Avengers: Thor, the Norse God, Captain America, the legend of WWII, and Iron Man, the very rich person playboy hero. Resolve disarray with semicolons, as in Okay, I understand I may have been somewhat driven in speculation I could date the accompanying Avengers: Thor, the Norse God; Captain America, the saint of WWII; and Iron Man, the very rich person playboy superhuman. 4. I still don’t get why I could ever utilize a semicolon You could utilize a semicolon to join two autonomous statements (things that could work as full sentences all alone). A semicolon shows a closer connection between the thoughts than a period would. For instance, I could compose Thor is the best Avenger. He is extremely alluring. He additionally has fearlessness and guts of psyche. With a period between each one of those thoughts, I may just toss out random contemplations that happen to me about Thor. I could likewise compose Thor is the best Avenger; he is extremely alluring. He additionally has mental fortitude and good guts. In any case, in the event that I did that I’d sell out the way that I’ve based my evaluation of his predominance fundamentally on his astounding physical characteristics, and the ethical determination is actually an idea in retrospect. The main other legitimate use for a semicolon is helping you sort out a rundown with insane inward accentuation, similar to I contend that Thor is better than Captain America since he is, truth be told, musclier; encounters not at all like his ethically uninteresting partner the infrequent clash of the spirit; and wears a cape and gleaming protective layer, however no senseless looking head protector with a jawline tie. 5. Do I ever need to utilize a semicolon? No. There are just a bunch of spots where the way you’ve developed your sentence requests that you utilize a semicolon, and you can for the most part revise to keep away from them without a lot of trouble (however your life will be emptier for it). On the off chance that you are resolved to continue in your campaign against the semicolon, at that point here’s a rundown of developments you should likewise keep away from. You can’t utilize transitional modifiers to join two autonomous provisions. (Truly, you state, this seems like a genuine catastrophe.) Let me explain. You can’t compose Thor, Captain America, and Iron Man chose to enjoy a reprieve and appreciate the Avengers hot tub, be that as it may, there was a lack of towels. (See what I mean? It would be sad in the event that you couldn’t state that.) The comma is inaccurate. Rather, you should compose it is possible that They chose to appreciate the Avengers hot tub; nonetheless, there was a lack of towels or They chose to appreciate the Avengers hot tub. Be that as it may, there was a lack of towels. You need to revamp records to bar inner accentuation, which implies you can’t fit in any of those beguiling asides you needed, and sentences like the examination of Captain America and Thor above become exhausting developments like I surmise Thor is possibly better than Captain America since he is greater, kind of muddled, and doesn’t wear a cap.

New Jersey Revenue Reform

In his State of the State discourse, Governor Corzine recognized five expansive zones of income change in New Jersey, i.e., annuities and advantages, shared administrations, obligation decrease, modernization of the duty structure, and sustainability.â The focal point of the immediate property charge alleviation is the expense credits as 20%, 15%, and 10%, contingent upon the measure of pay per household.â Governor Corzine was express about this in his speech.He was similarly unequivocal in expressing that for the duty credit framework to work, there must be a strong, solid wellspring of funding.â For this, he brought up the business charge incomes and the diverted residence discounts will flexibly the principal inundation of financing.â As for the succeeding years, the equalization is proposed to originate from the accompanying: 1) cost reserve funds accomplished through normal and autonomous inspecting by another, nonpolitical state specialist; 2) solidifications and shared administrations; 3) aggregate haggling on benefits and medical advantages; 4) resource adaptation intended to diminish the state's Mastercard installments and give the ability to make capital interests later on for the state; and 5) 4% top on the expansion in the property charge demand, professed to be the key for manageability of the assessment credit system.â Each of these should add to the maintainability of the change program, with the top and the credit working off one another to achieve the goal.Reacting to the discourse, Assembly Minority Leader Alex DeCroce expressed that â€Å"sadly, following five years of Democrat control, the condition of our state has never been worse.â The poisonous blend of high property charges, open defilement, a pile of obligation, inefficient state spending and hostile to monetary development approaches are making New Jersey exorbitant for white collar class families† (The Associated Press 2007).Superficially, Governor Corzine’s suggestions appear to be simply political showing off, since every one of the 120 authoritative seats are scheduled for decisions this year.â Clunn (2006) brings up that in 2005, State House delegates vowed to sanction genuine property charge changes by year-end of 2006, with no results.â The proposals of the State House were successfully countered by the Governor’s clear want to arrange benefits changes instead of make tax breaks, something that the State House agents tried to get endorsed for five months.Corzine’s activities since his political decision have lead to the production of a blogspot on the web, called NJ Fiscal Folly, where residents voice out their reactions against the Governor.â Many people responded adversely to the raising of deals charges from 6% to 7%, the refusal of basic state spending changes, and the option of $270 Million to the Governor’s effectively noteworthy pork (NJ Fiscal Folly 2006).For the bloggers, â€Å"any talk about putting aside a bit of the assessment increment is basically blather, simply lipstick on the pig† (NJ Fiscal Folly 2006).â More so when matched with the proposed elective spending plan for 2007, which included scarcely any spending cuts, put something aside for a lower commitment to the benefits framework, and the Governor’s danger to close down state government except if the lawmaking body supports his proposed financial plan (NJ Fiscal Folly 2006).â The business charge increment should gracefully $1.2 Billion in incomes for the government.There are a couple of individuals, nonetheless, that are attempting to look past the governmental issues and are equitably evaluating whether the proposition are really practical or on the off chance that they will create the ideal results.â Senator Gormley, a Republican, imagines that the discourse given by the Governor gave a â€Å"matter-of-truth blueprint of what should be done†, yet it is not yet clear whether it wi ll be done (Rispoli 2007), since discuss income change has been quite recently that, talk, for the past a large portion of 10 years, with New Jersey’s property charge dependence at twofold the across the nation rate.â Hester (2007) reports that officials are planning to have the new assessment arrangement of property charge credits set up before the bills go out this late spring, which are checks sent to mortgage holders as expense relief.Others responded all the more productively to the Governor’s engaged discourse, for example, William G. Dressel, Jr. Official Director of the New Jersey State League of Municipalities.â Dressel (2006) extolled a portion of the proposed changes while dismissing others, yet expressed that the suggestions will â€Å"generally assist with constraining future annuity and advantages costs.†After a starter investigation of the proposed proposals, Dressel (2006) called attention to that there are sure things lacking in that which t he extraordinary meeting needs to accommodate, for example, the difficult connection between the genuine property citizens and the individuals from the Police and Firemen’s Retirement System, and the authorization of the ban on new benefits.â Dressel (2006) dismissed inside and out the proposition to boycott double elective office holding and the tying a segment of property charge alleviation financing to adherence with the Efficiency Commission.He likewise remarked that as for the first proposal by the senator on shared administrations, there appeared to be a deviation in the course being taken by the exceptional session.â He brought up that up to this point, there were no suggestions on obligation decrease and no particular arrangements for manageability, and that the proposition to modernize the assessment framework were insufficient in providing a subsidizing hotspot for the progressions looked for, explicitly the duty credit framework lessening private property burde ns by 20%.Hester (2007) reports that this 20% cut would require $2 Billion for every annum and be supported by cash recently allotted for property charge discounts and deals charge income, with the legislature depending on the past year’s abundance deals charge income to fill in as introductory subsidizing, yet with the need to discover $400 Million all the more every year to finance the tax break past the current year.Caslander (2007) opines that with the proposed changes, New Jersey would be better of changing its name from the Garden State to the â€Å"Tax Capital†.â Treating the proposition as being similar to â€Å"finding free cheddar in a mouse trap†, Caslander (2007) accepts that the arrangements will mitigate the issue just for a present moment, yet that the difficult will remain, and in actuality, the current proposed arrangements will just wind up aggravating the issue, in light of the fact that the arrangement includes giving duty alleviation prese ntly yet accommodating its financing later.Rebovich (2006), after the main unique meeting, remarked that maybe a perfect genuine property charge change program would include an augmentation of the business charge, an expansion in annual expense rates, and reserve funds from advantage decreases, as in actuality, the weight would be shared or disseminated among various individuals, and the consequences for business and the economy would not be harsh.considering to such an extent that the Governor’s condition of the state discourse can't be relied upon to clarify totally the mechanics of the proposed change, that could maybe represent the absence of subtleties concerning how the proposed changes will work.â at the outset, the recommendations appear to adjust to Rebovich’s image of what might be a perfect genuine property charge change program to ease the present circumstance in New Jersey.â Both open and private segments are influenced, and it appears that the weight is spread out.â However, there are as yet numerous things that should be addressed.For model, how precisely will the expense credit framework work?â How much will it take to build up the framework and introduce it instead of the current system?â How will the new framework be subsidized so as to be placed in place?â These inquiries are as significant as figuring out where the financing for the credits themselves will be taken.â Without solid designs for the working and usage of the credit framework, it will not work, and the changes wanted won't be attained.Also, what will be the expense of executing another arrangement of auditing?â And what assurance is there that the new state representative will be, as he is portrayed â€Å"nonpolitical†?â What about union and shared services?â The Governor expressed that this region needs some survey, yet there must be a particular arrangement of rules or rules to help figure out which regions or branches ought to be combi ned, and which ought to stay autonomous, just as which specific administrations ought to be shared.â As for decrease of annuity and medical advantages, is there potential risk with respect to the state for the individuals who guarantee a vested right to the estimation of the advantages they get, particularly as for annuity and retirement advantages of the individuals who have been getting them for years?â Spreading the weight of paying for the proposed changes is a smart thought, yet is it just?â What on the off chance that the state winds up spending more in view of litigation?â , Then the costs would simply be diverted somewhere else, yet the weight would even now be substantial for a great deal of people.â restricting double elective office holding is a smart thought, whatever abridging impacts it may appear to have on the privilege of testimonial of the electorate.Public office is an open trust, and from the individual in office ought not out of the ordinary no not exac tly the obligation of most extreme devotion and steadfastness to the individuals he represents.â The propensity in holding double workplaces is that the endeavors of the open official will be isolated, and the nature of his administrations may be diminished.â As for Dressel’s contentions against the Efficiency Commission, maybe a lot of rules to administer the procedures and judgments made by the Commission, just as a method of offer or survey of its conclusions, would be a sufficient protect against the threat of subjectivity pointed out.Objectively, the proposals given are possible, yet more work should be put

Using the Spanish Verb Saber

Utilizing the Spanish Verb Saber Saber is a typical action word whose fundamental significance is to have information or to know about. Despite the fact that it is frequently made an interpretation of as to know, it ought not be mistaken for conocer, which likewise is regularly made an interpretation of as to know. The fundamental significance of saber can be seen most unmistakably when it is trailed by a thing or an expression working as a thing: Â ¿Sabe alguien los horarios de los transports desde el aeropuerto? Does anybody know the hours of the transports from the airport?Nuestra presidente no sabe inglã ©s. Our leader doesnt know English.No se sabe mucho de su muerte. Very little is thought about his death.SÃ © bien la verdad. I know reality well.Nunca sabemos el futuro. We never know what's to come. At the point when followed by an infinitive, saber regularly intends to know how: El que no sabe escuchar no sabe entender. The person who doesnt realize how to listen doesnt know how to understand.No saben escribir en cursiva. They dont realize how to write in cursive.El problema period que los dos no sabã ­amos nadar. The issue was that both of us didnt realize how to swim. Saber can intend to discover. This is particularly obvious when it is utilized in the preterite tense: Supe que todos tenemos cosas en comã ºn. I discovered that we all have things in common.Nunca supieron que estaban equivocados. They never discovered that they were mixed up. In setting, saber can be utilized to state to have news about a person or thing: No sã © nothing de mi madre. I dont have any report about my mom. The expression saber a can be utilized to show what something possesses a flavor like: Yo no he comido iguana, pero se dice que sabe a pollo. I havent eaten iguana, yet they state it poses a flavor like chicken. Recollect that saber is conjugated sporadically.

Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on Narritive Essay Topics

Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on Narritive Essay Topics The Secret to Narritive Essay Topics A narrative essay is permissive in terms of picking the topic. Writing a great narrative essay is dependent mostly on the subject you chose. Deciding upon the subject of your essay provides you with an advantage in the feeling that you're able to write about something you're passionate ambitious. Picking the topic for your essay could possibly be the hardest part. The very first point to do is to make an outline of the topic you opt for. It isn't always simple to select a great topic and story for this kind of essay. Deciding upon the proper topic may be a true problem, but we are here in order to get you inspired. Narrative essays are told from a defined point of view, frequently the author's, so there's feeling in addition to specific and frequently sensory details supplied to find the reader involved with the elements and sequence of the story. The thought of a compelling first-person narration isn't the just one. Don't forget that although the major element of a narrative is the story, details have to be carefully selected to support, explain, and improve the story. In a narration, it's helpful to comprehend who is who. Narrative essays don't have such arguments. Narratives are aimed toward telling about yourself. Taking a visit to a new location, you gain new insights. A writer needs to be in a place to help the reader unders tand how a specific event sounded and even in a number of the cases felt to the touch. Well-written narratives figure out ways to involve the reader rather than simply retelling the events. Stories about traveling have an outstanding potential. What You Can Do About Narritive Essay Topics Starting in the Next Three Minutes Morality has a collection of unsolved problems, the solution on which usually presents a decision. In the majority of cases, the task requires to recognize a topic of your selection. Remember a topic can help determine the result of a narrative. Since the content of narratives essay can vary when it has to do with various institutions, we've resolved to supply you with examples in the event you face an issue. 5 paragraph narrative essay is a typical size that will enable you to cover the important points of the subject and reveal the plot to the readers. Don't utilize complex terms your readers desire a dictionary or thesaurus to comprehend. If necessary , you can change the quantity of body paragraphs based on the topic. It's personal enough, it enables you to play with words, and it's both interesting and edifying for the general public. Narritive Essay Topics Secrets That No One Else Knows About Think about a time once you taught somebody to do something outside school. Keep a steady stream of details coming from 1 paragraph to the next, which makes it straightforward for the reader to stay informed about the events in the order they happened. When you're picking your topic, remember that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. A time once you received help from a comprehensive stranger 33. The New Angle On Narritive Essay Topics Just Released At times it can be challenging to write really intriguing and exciting essay of the great quality. Before writing a narrative essay for college or higher school, you want to understand how pr ecisely you can tell whether a narrative actually is a story. Be conscious of the size it must be and begin writing the narrative essay outline. In the essay, reflect on just what the story shows about the person that you are thinking about. The Importance of Narritive Essay Topics When you compose a narrative essay, you're telling a story. You are aware of how it is when you're reading an excellent story and it goes sour on you within an incredibly limited time. Telling a story isn't always straightforward and telling a fantastic story is even harder. It's better to write and share your individual stories with different men and women. A superb narrative essay should capture the interest of your readers. Don't forget that the objective of your story is to really tell it, not to convince your reader that you're right. A selection of good personal narrative topics is important, as it ought to be interesting for readers. Normal essay morality topics are always a prosperous choice because it's simple to evoke a whole lot of interest and curiosity in the reader after you use any of them. There's more than 1 way to compose a narrative essay. If that's the case, then you ought to attempt writing narrative essays. Therefore, you've got to find good narrative essay topics by yourself. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. It is impossible to compose a perfect essay from beginning to finish in 1 go. Describe what happed and the way that it made you feel, or the way it changed you. The Ugly Side of Narritive Essay Topics It is essential that you set the tone of your essay from the start. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics as you need opposing points you may counter to your own points. If you haven't written any narration essays before, you ought to read works of different students to fully grasp how to develop a structure, the way to use your private narrative ideas, and wha t topics it is possible to utilize. Narrative essays serve broad array of purposes. The Fundamentals of Narritive Essay Topics Revealed The tricky thing about the narrative essay is there are always some limits to the sum of content you'll be able to supply your readers with. Although you may make a typical story sound spectacular using the ideal words and the suitable technique, more than often the topic receives the credit for a valuable object of work. Try to remember you've seen and felt something in real and the sole approach to let others do the exact same is to use the ideal words. The author takes the recent media and political climate in the usa and investigates the issues in a manner that will force you to shake your head. Introducing Narritive Essay Topics Such approach always pays off because it offers you a special insight into the practice of essay writing that is directed at achieving excellent outcomes. Consider what steps you took to obtain a solution. Just make sure you're following your instructor's guidelines and understand how to construct a narrative essay from starting to end. To steer you on your journey here are a couple of tips.

Form, Content, and Subject Matter - 1746 Words

Form, Content, and Subject Matter GENZ 220Z-Art Critique Paper Shelby M. Dykes In this paper, I will discuss the form, content, and subject matter of three different paintings. Each of the paintings represents the following: representational painting, abstract painting, and a portrait. The paintings I have chosen are: Edward Hopper’s Nighthawks 1942, Wassily Kodinsky’s Colour Studies: Squares and Concentrentic Circles 1913, and Pablo Picasso’s Self-Portrait 1907. Representational paintings show clear objects or events and have a clear subject matter in the painting. The subject matter is quite evident in Edward Hopper’s Nighthawks. The subject matter is the dominating, brightly lit diner. The diner is proportionately large. It is built on†¦show more content†¦I can almost picture Kandinsky’s brush moving around the painting in quick, swooping motions. The linear design of the painting is clear with the vertical and horizontal, fine lines painted as squares. Without a doubt, the â€Å"all-at –onceness† of the painting is created by the color. Kandinsky used such a wide range of color techniques that when I close my eyes upon viewing the painting, the image is still present. The colors are bright primary and secondary colors mixed with more earthy hues. The two overlapping circles on the bottom left are made evident by the low value of the green mixing with the saturated red to create almost a black. The contrast created by the black and yellow square touching is eye-catching. The gradation in the upper left square is evident by the continuous changes from the swirl surrounding the circle. It changes from yellow to green, then to blue and back to yellow! Can you feel the excitement in my description? This is what the painting makes me feel while participating. Despite the sectioned off circles and squares, the painting demonstrates unity. That is, the painting forms togetherness, despite contrasts of details and regions. Th e color also helps define the depth. As depth was clearly seen in Nighthawks, the depth of Colour Studie is not as readily evident. Look at the bottom left square. The circle seems somewhat flat. Now view the upper left square. It gives the feeling of protrusion. It seems as if the circle is popping out of theShow MoreRelatedWhat did Georg Simmel seek to demonstrate through his â€Å"formal† sociology?1582 Words   |  7 PagesWhat did Georg Simmel seek to demonstrate through his â€Å"formal† sociology? Georg Simmel (1858 - 1918) was living in Berlin at a time when Sociology was beginning to form as a science, most notably with the work of Comte setting up the positivist methodology of studying society. In the intellectual world he was an outsider and struggled, becoming a full professor without a chair only in 1901. 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Understanding Criminals Essay - 978 Words

It is hard for anyone to grasp the concept or be able to understand why people commit heinous crimes or engage in criminal activities. We as human beings are all capable of committing or engaging in delinquent behavior. What stands in the way of a person that makes them decided to engage in deviant behavior or to choose not to commit crimes at all? We may never truly know or understand the real reasons behind why certain people make decisions like these everyday. Early philosophers and scientists looked carefully and dug deep into the Criminal Justice System and the behavior of criminals using theories to explain criminal behavior. With these theories they were able to come up two distinctive schools (Classical and Positive) that explained†¦show more content†¦Using a specific time, measurement of data (crunching numbers), is known as Qualitative. The way that people use these terms depends greatly on how they understand them and how they are using them at a given time, theo ries can also help us understand our social norms. Having a good theory is to be able to understand all the areas that the theory deals with, it is not only easier on you as the researcher, but it is also easier for you to understand what other theorist was writing about. One of the oldest conceptions about the Criminal Justice System and crime emerged out of the eighteenth century, best known as the Classical School of criminology. During this period theorist paved a way for some basic ideas about the operation of the Criminal Justice System and the processing of sentencing. The Classical School was not interested in studying criminals but more focused on lawmaking and the legal process. Best known for their works and were the most influential during this time was philosophers Jeremy Bentham and Cesare Beccaria. 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Alice in Credit Card Land Essay Example For Students

Alice in Credit Card Land Essay Sam Vaknins Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web SitesYour credit card is stolen. You place a phone call to the number provided in your tourist guide or in the local daily press. You provide your details and you cancel your card. You block it. In a few minutes, it should be transferred to the stop-list available to the authorization centres worldwide. From that moment on, no thief will be able to fraudulently use your card. You can sigh in relief. The danger is over. But is it ? It is definitely not. To understand why, we should first review the intricate procedure involved. In principle, the best and safest thing to do is call the authorization centre of the bank that issued your card (the issuer bank). Calling the number published in the media is second best because it connects the cardholder to a volunteer bank, which caters for the needs of all the issuers of a given card. Some service organizations (such as IAPA the International Air Passengers Association) provide a similar service. The catering bank accepts the call, notes down the details of the cardholder and prepares a fax containing the instruction to cancel the card. The cancellation fax is then sent on to the issuing bank. The details of all the issuing banks are found in special manuals published by the clearing and payments associations of all the banks that issue a specific card. All the financial institutions that issue Mastercards, Eurocards and a few other more minor cards in Europe are members of Europay International (EPI). Here lies the first snag : the catering bank often mistakes the identity of the issuer. Many banks share the same name or are branches of a network. Banks with identical names can exist in Prague, Budapest and Frankfurt, or Vienna, for instance. Should a fax cancelling the card be sent to the wrong bank the card will simply not be cancelled until it is too late. By the time the mistake is discovered, the card is usually thoroughly abused and the fina ncial means of the cardholder are exhausted. Additionally, going the indirect route (calling an intermediary bank instead of the issuing bank) translates into a delay which could prove monetarily crucial. By the time the fax is sent, it might be no longer necessary. If the card has been abused and fraudulent purchases or money withdrawals have been debited to the unfortunate cardholders bank or credit card account the cardholder can reclaim these charges. He has to clearly identify them and state in writing that they were not effected by him. A process called chargeback thus is set in motion. A chargeback is a transaction disputed within the payment system. A dispute can be initiated by the cardholder when he receives his statement and rejects one or more items on it or when an issuing financial institution disputes a transaction for a technical reason (usually at the behest of the cardholder or if his account is overdrawn). A technical reason could be the wrong or no signature, wro ng or no date, important details missing in the sales vouchers and so on. Despite the warnings carried on many a sales voucher (No Refund No Cancellation) both refunds and cancellations are daily occurrences. To be considered a chargeback, the card issuer must initiate a well-defined dispute procedure. This it can do only after it has determined the reasons invalidating the transaction. A chrageback can only be initiated by the issuing financial institution. The cardholder himself has no standing in this matter and the chargeback rules and regulations are not accessible to him. He is confined to lodging a complaint with the issuer. This is an abnormal situation whereby rules affecting the balances and mandating operations resulting in debits and credits in the bank account are not available to the account name (owner). The issuer, at its discretion, may decide that issuing a chargeback is the best way to rectify the complaint. The following sequence of events is, thus, fairly common : 1. The cardholder presents his card to a merchant (aka : an acceptor of payment system cards). 2. The merchant may request an authorization for the transaction, either by electronic means (a Pointof Sale / Electronic Fund Transfer apparatus) or by phone (voice authorization). A merchant isobliged to do so if the value of the transaction exceeds predefined thresholds. But there are othercases in which this might be either a required or a recommended policy. 3. If the transaction is authorized, the merchant notes down the authorization reference number andgives the goods and services to the cardholder. In a face-to-face transaction (as opposed to a phoneor internet/electronic transaction), the merchant must request the cardholder to sign the sale slip. Hemust then compare the signature provided by the cardholder to the signature specimen at the backof the card. A mismatch of the signatures (or their absence either on the card or on the slip)invalidate the transaction. The merchant will then provide the cardholder with a receipt, normallywith a copy of the signed voucher. 4. Periodically, the merchant collects all the transaction vouchers and sends them to his bank (theacquiring bank). 5. The acquiring bank pays the merchant on foot of the transaction vouchers minus the commissionpayable to the credit card company. Some banks pre-finance or re-finance credit card salesvouchers in the form of credit lines (cash flow or receivables financing). 6. The acquiring bank sends the transaction to the payments system (VISA International or EuropayInternational) through its connection to the relevant network (VisaNet, in the case of Visa, forinstance). 7. The credit card company (Visa, Mastercard, Diners Club) credits the acquirer bank. 8. The credit card company sends the transaction to the issuing bank and automatically debits theissuer. 9. The issuing bank debits the cardholders account. It issues monthly or transaction related statementsto the cardholder. 10. The car dholder pays the issuing bank on foot of the statement (this is automatic, involuntarydebiting of the cardholders account with the bank). Some credit card companies in some territories prefer to work directly with the cardholders. In such a case, they issue a monthly statement, which the cardholder has to pay directly to them by money order or by bank transfer. The cardholder will be required to provide a security to the credit card company and his spending limits will be tightly related to the level and quality of the security provided by him. The very issuance of the card is almost always subject to credit history and to an approval process in Europe. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said about credit card issuers in the USA. This lackadaisical vigilance, the monpolistic practices of certain credit card companies, the Kafkaesque procedures and the arbitrariness of the results put both merchants and credit card holders at risk. Whatever it is that credit card companies provide i t is not guaranteed payment or secure refunds. .u41af7c94d186e5885f2045fe3434108d , .u41af7c94d186e5885f2045fe3434108d .postImageUrl , .u41af7c94d186e5885f2045fe3434108d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u41af7c94d186e5885f2045fe3434108d , .u41af7c94d186e5885f2045fe3434108d:hover , .u41af7c94d186e5885f2045fe3434108d:visited , .u41af7c94d186e5885f2045fe3434108d:active { border:0!important; } .u41af7c94d186e5885f2045fe3434108d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u41af7c94d186e5885f2045fe3434108d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u41af7c94d186e5885f2045fe3434108d:active , .u41af7c94d186e5885f2045fe3434108d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u41af7c94d186e5885f2045fe3434108d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u41af7c94d186e5885f2045fe3434108d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u41af7c94d186e5885f2045fe3434108d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u41af7c94d186e5885f2045fe3434108d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u41af7c94d186e5885f2045fe3434108d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u41af7c94d186e5885f2045fe3434108d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u41af7c94d186e5885f2045fe3434108d .u41af7c94d186e5885f2045fe3434108d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u41af7c94d186e5885f2045fe3434108d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Road to Teenage Pregnancy Essay