Chapter 3 Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapter 3 Synthesis - Essay Example the classroom environment and provide positive behavioral example (behaviorism) as well as mind the differences in culture, educational background, learning styles, and family life of the students (cognitivism). Constructivism emphasizes practical aspects of learning, asserting that all the participants of the lesson construct knowledge collectively, sometimes with considerable changes in the process, which requires from teachers flexibility and creativity. In reality, teachers should invest a lot of time in preparation for lessons: explaining the importance of activities, selecting activities, their sequence, playback strategies, and rehearsing. This will allow paying more attention to immediate reactions of the students: the chapter suggests assessing the progress of students and the atmosphere in classroom with maximal frequency. An ideal classroom works for itself in the sense that students work as much if not more than teacher and that they are so engaged in learning as to teach each other. In such collaborative environment, a teacher shares with students his/her expectations and his/her impressions from the process of teaching while remaining opened to the students’

Dome in persian architecture Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Dome in persian architecture - Term Paper Example Although it may seem logical to conclude that since all kinds of Persian architecture arose from one guiding concept, they may have similar characteristics. However, the historical background of a specific architectural style may also be considered worthy of notice. It would be very interesting to note how Persian architecture may be subdivided into types of architecture according to its history and style. Persia, or Iran, as it is known today, possesses an architectural style that has a history of thousand years. It started from about 5000 B. C. and persisted up to the present (Pope 1965). The materials used were almost the same: heavy clays, bricks, stones and wood. The building technique used somewhat dictates the major forms of the structures (Pope 1965). In its earlier years, Iranians used a building technique that involves compression of pis'-molded mud as solidly as possible and allowing it to dry (Pope 1965; Mehraby n.d.). These resulted to large, well-defined masses that had broad surfaces which are suitable for ornamentation. This kind of architecture had matured while facing certain factors such as the climate, the availability of materials, the religious purposes, and the dominant cultures in the periphery of the structure. While these factors played decisive roles in the architectural development, the Iranian landscapes, on the other hand, provided inspiration (Mehraby n.d.). It can be clearly seen that the domes we adore were patterned after the huge, snow-capped mountains of Persia. And the Persian concept of beauty (which is associated with light and clarity) added up to the grandeur of the domes' architectural design. Beauty was an attribute of the divine (Mehraby n.d.), for ancient Persians, and this may justify the usage of domes for religious purposes. Statement of the Problem The current study would like to know the architectural differences of two specific domes in Persia: The Firuzabad domes and Sarvistan domes. The following were the main questions that this study would like to answer using the existing literature: 1. What are the differences between the Firuzabad domes and Sarvistan domes' 2. On what aspect of Persian culture or architectural history may we account the differences' 3. What, if there is, the more dominating architectural style based on the comparison made' The course of the study will be centered on concepts and topics related to the questions above. Objectives This paper focuses on the differences of the domes constructed in Persia, particularly their architectural aspects. The paper will provide a deeper analysis of two specific domes that were famous both in Persia and also worldwide. Thus, the following were the objectives of the study: 1. Provide an in-depth and comprehensive understanding of the differences between Persian domes while taking into account the history of the architectural style used. 2. Compare two specific Persian domes and delve into the weaknesses and strengths of these famous domes. 3. Give a conclusion while integrating the knowledge gained from the literature and relating it to personal experiences and thoughts. These objectives were the guiding element of the study and the researcher hopes to stick to it. Scope and Limitation The study will be tackling

Contingency Theory and Global Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contingency Theory and Global Leadership - Essay Example Since, parties in a global market come from diverse backgrounds, global leaders have challenges in assessing the diverse demands of the parties (The Leadership Trust, 2008). Indeed, every cultural group has different demands. Moreover, the existence of boundaries between geographies and markets derives complexities in assessing the demands of parties in different geographies since there are no universal demands that apply to all geographies (The Leadership Trust, 2008). The rapid global impact of unforeseen events poses a great challenge to the global leaders since they cannot predict the occurrence and the effects of such events on the demand and thus assessing the demands of a situation given a global role. A global leader will also encounter challenges that emanate from social, economic, and political change. The global leader will also face the challenge of developing a creative approach in assessing the demand and implementing the solutions to various problems in the global mark et. Furthermore, lack of inspiring visions that can apply across cultural and organizational boundaries without losing meaning is also a challenge in assessing demands of a situation given a global role (The Leadership Trust, 2008). ... Developing self-reflective leadership, effective conflict resolution, and adopting diversity in the management and assessing demand will resolve the problems associated with assessing demand in a global situation. Moreover, the practice of creating global ethics and global strategies that will be flexible to multicultural differences will be very fundamental in this case (O’Brien, 2009). The creation of a vision and strategy as well as systems that managers can manage would play a significant role in resolving the above named problems. Furthermore, the presence of a Global Leadership and Public Policy as well the focus on organization and teamwork would help in addressing the challenges related to assessing demand in a global situation. Indeed, we can adopt the leadership theories to develop an organizational design that would relate to the global challenges in this context. A practice that relates to the situational variables and establishing an organization with internal fea tures that matches the demands of the diverse environments will help in assessing the demands in a global situation. The contingency theory asserts that there is no one best way to organize and that any way of organizing is not equally effective. The Contingency Theory asserts that a global leader must match their leadership style with the situational demands (Northouse, 2012). Ideally, the contingency theory confirms that no leadership style suits all situations and that specific variable like the dynamics of the situation, leadership style, and characteristics of the followers define the success of any leadership style. Personally, I experienced this when our marketing manager used contingency theory in a global role

Word of God Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Word of God - Research Paper Example differences, both Testaments describe Gods relationship with the world and His people, both reflects and serves as a source for  Christian theology.  Theological dogma, adopted by the Christian Church two millennia ago, is that the Sacred Scripture is the Word of God and Jesus Christ is the personalization of the Word. The skeptics, who do not share the Christian point of view, accept the Bible as an ancient, wise, yet a book created by human mind. Nevertheless,  the integrality of the Bible seems surprising enough. The Book was written by over 40 authors who came from just about every walk of life, including fisherman, kings, a butler, priests, and a tax collector. The 66 books of the Bible were written over a 1,500 year span in three languages on three continents within one theme. "If a fragment of stone were found in Italy, another in Asia Minor, another in Greece, another in Egypt, and on and on until sixty-six fragments had been found, and if when put together they fitted perfectly together, making a perfect statue of Venus de Milo, there is not an artist or scientist but would arrive immediately at the conclusion that there was originally a sculptor who conceived and carved the statue. The very lines and perfections would probably determine which of the great ancient artists carved the statue. Not only the unity of the Scriptures, but their lines of perfection, suggest One far above any human as the real author. That could be no one but God."(Shelly, 1990, p. 114) Also, the fact that the Bible accurately and truthfully recorded historically verifiable events is a great indication of its truthfulness. Through both, archaeological evidences and other writings, the historical facts mentioned in the Bible have been proved many times. So, all archaeological and manuscript evidences supporting the Bible make it the best-documented book from the ancient world. Nelson Glueck, a respected Jewish archaeologist claims, "It may be stated categorically that no

Contingency Theory and Global Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contingency Theory and Global Leadership - Essay Example Since, parties in a global market come from diverse backgrounds, global leaders have challenges in assessing the diverse demands of the parties (The Leadership Trust, 2008). Indeed, every cultural group has different demands. Moreover, the existence of boundaries between geographies and markets derives complexities in assessing the demands of parties in different geographies since there are no universal demands that apply to all geographies (The Leadership Trust, 2008). The rapid global impact of unforeseen events poses a great challenge to the global leaders since they cannot predict the occurrence and the effects of such events on the demand and thus assessing the demands of a situation given a global role. A global leader will also encounter challenges that emanate from social, economic, and political change. The global leader will also face the challenge of developing a creative approach in assessing the demand and implementing the solutions to various problems in the global mark et. Furthermore, lack of inspiring visions that can apply across cultural and organizational boundaries without losing meaning is also a challenge in assessing demands of a situation given a global role (The Leadership Trust, 2008). ... Developing self-reflective leadership, effective conflict resolution, and adopting diversity in the management and assessing demand will resolve the problems associated with assessing demand in a global situation. Moreover, the practice of creating global ethics and global strategies that will be flexible to multicultural differences will be very fundamental in this case (O’Brien, 2009). The creation of a vision and strategy as well as systems that managers can manage would play a significant role in resolving the above named problems. Furthermore, the presence of a Global Leadership and Public Policy as well the focus on organization and teamwork would help in addressing the challenges related to assessing demand in a global situation. Indeed, we can adopt the leadership theories to develop an organizational design that would relate to the global challenges in this context. A practice that relates to the situational variables and establishing an organization with internal fea tures that matches the demands of the diverse environments will help in assessing the demands in a global situation. The contingency theory asserts that there is no one best way to organize and that any way of organizing is not equally effective. The Contingency Theory asserts that a global leader must match their leadership style with the situational demands (Northouse, 2012). Ideally, the contingency theory confirms that no leadership style suits all situations and that specific variable like the dynamics of the situation, leadership style, and characteristics of the followers define the success of any leadership style. Personally, I experienced this when our marketing manager used contingency theory in a global role

What Defines Success in Social Commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

What Defines Success in Social Commerce - Essay Example This has propagated the emergence of a global economy, e-commerce, and e-business in the formulation of the modern business strategies thus promoting economic development. Ideally, the invention of internet and networking services generated integration of information and communications technology in the global market thus fostering business relationships between countries, organizations, and even individuals (Pearson Education, Inc., 2010). Indeed, since the electronic technologies are in the verge of continued advancement, we can confidently anticipate that their use in the supply chain will lead to increased e-business and globalization. However, is unfortunate that many small and medium businesses are yet to understand the significance of e-commerce and equally make no effort to engage in it (Manzoor, 2010). Actually, there is continued misunderstanding on the difference between e-business with e-commerce despite the fact that e-commerce has been in application for over 40 years s ince the invention of the electronic transmission of messages. Most assuredly, the advancements in internet and web-based technologies establish the clear distinction between traditional markets and modern markets, which host e-commerce. Factually, e-commerce incorporates the two-way communication between the consumer and the suppliers as well as supporting the business relations between corporations. Indeed, e-commerce involves all aspects of trade including marketing, ordering, and supply (Manzoor, 2010). More so, it also supports both physical and intangible trading as well enabling the payments for goods offered. In addition, e-commerce supports electronic provision of services such as after sales support or on-line legal advice. E-commerce uses the internet and social networking technologies to do business and is thus available everywhere and every time within an internet hub. Notably, e-commerce significantly increases the global market base as customers can access products fr om different locations in the world (Oracle, 2012). Furthermore, e-commerce promotes personalization in the market by enabling businesspersons to pass their messages to the target markets and target individuals in the context of purchasing and rendering payment. It is also flexible in that it allows customers to change the product or service in line with their tastes, preferences, and purchasing power. Most significantly, is the fact that e-commerce is universal in that its standards apply equally across all nations in the world. Nevertheless, there have always been challenges in defining e-commerce. However, the most acceptable definition of e-commerce refers to a wide range of online business activities for products and services across the world. Ideally, e-commerce equally refers to any electronically interaction for purposes of business (Goel, 2007). It is specifically business in the internet though a computer-mediated network and incorporates no physical interaction. Moreover, it entails the sharing of business information, using networks to conduct business, and maintaining business interactions. Notable, there is a misconception between e-commerce and e-business. However, the two are quite different in that e-business do not include commercial transaction or cross boundaries business interactions. Nevertheless, e-business and e-commerce interact where internal business systems connect with suppliers. Most assuredly, e-commerce is increasingly becoming a social commerce. Indeed, social commerce and e-commerce rely on one another. Social commerce uses electronic commerce and relies on interactions

Impacting factors on human social service Essay Example for Free

Impacting factors on human social service Essay Socio cultural factors are norms, values, beliefs, material and non material objects that are passed on from one generation to another in any given society .Socio cultural factors are crucial in any developmental aspect of a community.(Noyo Ndangwe p230) There is considerable interest in analyzing these factors that are impacting on human social service delivery and these are economic, religion, political and socio-cultural factors which are of special significance because of their tendency to shape the context or foundation for the operation of any other set of factors that operate upon human social service delivery. In this regard, we will try to look at one factor, that is, Socio cultural factor how it is impacting on human social service delivery. First and foremost would like to define the key concepts this assignment. 1. Socio means interaction. 2. Culture means the beliefs, customs, practices, and social behaviour of a particular nation or people. 3. Factors mean something that contributes to or has an influence on the outcome of something. 4 Impacting means to have an immediate and strong effect on something or somebody. 5 Social Service These are welfare programs aimed at enriching human life 6 Delivery means taking something to somebody.  The first to way to discuss this will be to try to analyse how socio-cultural factors affect the performance of Primary Health Care. There is now a large body of literature on the social and cultural determinants of health which ‘refer to both the specific features and pathways by which societal conditions affect health. The WHO has, for example, identified a number of socio cultural factors and conditions. The list of factors includes (i) cultural beliefs and taboos, (ii) gender inequality, and (iii) the urban – rural divide. The socio-cultural factors impacting on health will differ  between societies and even within sub-cultures within the same society. Thus the factors in a developed society will tend to differ from those that are operative in a backward, underdeveloped society. Factors such as urban-rural migration, unemployment, education, gender inequality, lack of money, transportation, distance to health facility, cultural inhibition, fear of going alone to health facilities, inability to make informed choices and the need to obtain permission from some authority figure such as the husband in the case of some married women have been cited (Social Determinants of Health: Nigerian Perspective: 2005). Social cultural taboos and social meanings attached to certain diseases and their causes are other socio cultural factors that are impacting on service delivery. Cultural beliefs and taboos Cultural beliefs and taboos impact upon the performance of the Primary Health Care in several ways. First, they shape forms of behaviour that lead to certain health outcomes. As an example, consider beliefs about fertility and family planning. People living in rural areas tend to want to have more children and not to want to use the more modern methods of family control (PHC, WHO: 2004). This has implication for population growth, the incidence of child and maternal mortality and the number in the population seeking access to health care. As another example, we can also consider the case of beliefs about HIV/AIDS. Quoting a UNESCO Report, Kickbusch et al (2002:4-5) have observed that in some parts of Africa, ‘people believe that clean and well-dressed individuals cannot become infected or that having sexual intercourse with a virgin will cure AIDS’. Ladipo et al (2003) have also reported a study on the perceptions of Gate keepers, the custodians of cultural beliefs and moral norms, about sexuality and HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. Using in-depth interviews with teachers, media representatives, religious, political and traditional leaders and focus group discussions among parents the study reported that the culture downplayed the sexual mode of transmitting the disease; ‘condom promotion was not accepted on religious grounds by most participants. Cultural beliefs not only also shape how individuals respond to forms of disease and illness but also choices about which forms of care should be accessed. For example, cultural beliefs about certain forms of disease may lead to silence and denial thus creating  veritable grounds for the continuation of behaviours and actions that promote the disease (Human Rights Watch, 2002). Studies of the social meaning of infertility in Nigeria have shown that beliefs about infertility play a determinant role in interpretation and treatment of infertility. Following these beliefs, most people used three treatment outlets: ‘churches (spiritualists), traditional healers and hospitals (orthodox medical treatment)’ (Okonofua et al 1997:211). Gender inequality Gender inequality impacts the Primary Health Care system through its contribution to lower status, lack of empowerment, higher rates of illiteracy, and higher levels of poverty for women. As in the case of illiteracy, these factors translate into higher incidence of ill-health for women and paradoxically, their lower capacity to access health care. For example, women with less education have less control over their sexual activities and therefore also more affected by sexually transmitted diseases. For example, HIV/AIDS which is transmitted largely through sexual activities is more prevalent among women than among men. The relative lack of control over their sexual choices also means that many more women get pregnant than should be the case. This has implications for fertility and maternal mortality rates. Women therefore have a higher need to access health care especially at the PHC level. Only women generally tend to need the permission of men to access health facilities. Poverty is also higher among women in the population than men. These factors suggest that women will also have a lower capacity to meet their health needs even when facilities exist to provide for those needs. The urban – rural divide The urban – rural divide is implicated in the differences in living conditions between urban and rural areas, in the distribution of the population between the two areas and in several other factors. Differences in these factors impact upon the performance of PHC in a number of ways. First, it imposes different challenges on PHC in urban and rural areas. It has been observed for example, that living conditions, especially with respect to the availability of electricity, good roads, water, transportation, communication, poverty and quality of life tend to be much higher in urban than rural areas (Imoudu, 1995). The implication of this is  the tendency for PHC units to be better staffed and equipped in urban areas than rural areas. It is thus not surprising to find that storage facilities for drugs are better in urban areas than rural areas (Gupta et al, 2004). Professional health personnels are also more reluctant to accept postings to rural areas. Another implication is the pattern and distribution of the disease burden between urban and rural areas. Given the fact that urban areas have more PHC facilities and that other secondary and tertiary health care facilities tend to be located in them, the health needs of urban populations tend to be better served than those of rural areas. There will therefore tend to be more pressure on PHC facilities in rural areas. If we take into consideration the additional factor of higher poverty in the rural areas, the lower capacity of rural communities to access health care when they need it will translate into worse health indices in the rural areas than urban areas. However it should be noted that socio cultural factors also impact positively in human service delivery in the following ways. Traditional medicines have become part or alternatives were modern medicine has failed. That not all in certain areas use of socio cultural factors has enhanced social service delivery in the areas of ceremonies which bring in foreign exchange and general leading to an improved standard of life of the people.eg prior to the kuomboka ceremony of the lozi people of western province, roads are graded, buildings painted, the towns and villages cleaned hospitality industry also takes a new shape which is a plus in service delivery. CONCLUSION Socio cultural factors are norms, values, beliefs, material and non material objects that are passed on from one generation to another in any given society. As we looked at how socio-cultural factors affect the performance of Primary Health Care we have noted that socio cultural factors are crucial in any developmental aspect of a community The socio-cultural factors impacting on health will differ between societies and even within sub-cultures within the same society. The WHO has, for example, identified a number of socio cultural factors and conditions. The list of factors includes (i) cultural beliefs and taboos, (ii) gender inequality, and (iii)  the urban – rural divide. The socio-cultural factors impacting on health will differ between societies and even within sub-cultures within the same society. Cultural beliefs and taboos impact upon the performance of the Primary Health Care in several ways. First, they shape forms of behaviour that lead to certain health outcomes. Gender inequality impacts the Primary Health Care system through its contribution to lower status, lack of empowerment, higher rates of illiteracy, and higher levels of poverty for women. BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1. Dr. Festus Iyayi, (2009), Socio cultural factors impacting upon Primary Health Care in Nigeria, Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria 2. Global Health Watch (2004) Global Health Action, edited by Whyte, A., McCoy, D and Rowson, M, Russell Press 3. Noyoo. N, (2000), Social Policies and Social Services in Zambia. UNZA Publishers, Lusaka, Zambia. 4. Oxford advanced learners dictionary (2002).